European Union – Central Asia: An Effective Partnership Format

In recent years, the European Union has been paying increasing attention to Central Asia—a region that has traditionally been within the spheres of influence of other big powers. However, today, Central Asia is strengthening its independence and emerging as an important link in the global economy.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the countries of Central Asia followed different paths of development. However, in recent years, a trend toward regional consolidation has become evident, making the region more attractive to external partners. The EU considers Central Asia a strategically significant area with enormous potential.

Why is the EU Interested in Central Asia?

Several key factors drive the EU’s growing engagement in Central Asia:
• Geographical location – The region serves as a bridge between Europe and Asia, making it a crucial hub for global trade and logistics.
• Natural resources – Central Asia is rich in oil, gas, uranium, and rare earth metals.
• Economic potential – The region’s economies are rapidly growing and striving for diversification, attracting European investments.
• Human capital – With a population of over 77 million, most of whom are young and well-educated, Central Asia presents opportunities for innovation and knowledge exchange.

Economic and Trade Cooperation

Today, Central Asian countries are actively developing market mechanisms, opening new sectors for investment, and expanding foreign economic ties. As a result, European companies increasingly view the region as a promising market.

One of the key aspects of cooperation is trade. A significant step in this direction was the granting of the GSP+ preferential trade system, which simplifies the export of goods from Central Asia to the EU and promotes economic diversification.

A major focus is also on transport infrastructure development. Central Asia plays a crucial role in the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (Middle Corridor), connecting China and Europe while bypassing Russia. The EU is actively investing in this corridor, seeing it as not only an alternative trade route but also a factor in enhancing the region’s economic resilience.

Political Stability and Democratic Reforms

Political stability and democratization are key criteria for the EU when choosing strategic partners. In this regard, European countries positively assess the reforms taking place in Central Asia. The most striking example is Uzbekistan, where large-scale transformations are underway to develop a market economy, protect human rights, and strengthen civil society.

A crucial step in deepening cooperation was the visit of European Council President Charles Michel to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in October 2022. During his visit, Michel participated in a consultative meeting of regional leaders initiated by Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, highlighting the EU’s commitment to strengthening ties with Central Asia.

The EU’s New Strategy for Central Asia

Recognizing the region’s growing importance, the EU adopted a new strategy for cooperation with Central Asia in June 2019. The document outlines key areas of collaboration, including:
• Developing a sustainable economy and supporting reforms;
• Ensuring stability and security;
• Promoting the green transition and sustainable development;
• Advancing digitalization and innovation.

EU–Central Asia Summit

A landmark event in this partnership will be the first-ever EU–Central Asia Summit, set to take place on
April 3–4 under the chairmanship of Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. Leaders from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan will also participate. The summit will focus on trade and economic cooperation, investment projects, and infrastructure development.

For the EU, this summit presents a key opportunity to reaffirm its geopolitical interest in strengthening bilateral engagement and expanding regional cooperation with Central Asia.

Future Prospects for Cooperation

The partnership between the EU and Central Asia is built on principles of equality, mutual respect, and shared benefits, laying the groundwork for long-term relations.

With increasing dialogue, a growing number of joint projects, and a shared commitment to deeper engagement, the future of EU–Central Asia cooperation looks highly promising. The partnership has already proven its effectiveness in fostering regional development and strengthening the region’s ties with the European Union.